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Hundred Years' War (1415–53)
The Lancastrian War was the third phase of the Anglo-French Hundred Years' War. It lasted from 1415, when Henry V of England invaded Normandy, to 1453 with the failure of the English to recover Bordeaux. It followed a long period of peace from the end of the Caroline War in 1389. The phase was named after the House of Lancaster, the ruling house of the Kingdom of England, to which Henry V belonged. After the invasion of 1419, Henry V and, after his death, his brother John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, brought the English to the height of their power in France, with an English king crowned in Paris. However, by that time, with charismatic leaders such as Joan of Arc and La Hire, strong French counterattacks had started to win back all English continental territories, except the Pale of Calais, which was finally captured in 1558. Charles VII of France was crowned in Notre-Dame de Reims in 1429. The Battle of Castillon (1453) was the last battle of the Hundred Years' War, but France and England remained formally at war until the Treaty of Picquigny in 1475. English, and later British, monarchs would continue to claim the French throne until 1801.
==England Resumes the War==
Henry V of England revived the claim of his great-grandfather, Edward III of England, to the French throne. If Edward III's claim to the French throne was questionable, Henry V's claim was more so. Henry IV of England, his father, had usurped the throne from the rightful king, Richard II of England, and from the rightful heirs, the House of March, heirs of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, second son of Edward III (this claim would later pass to the House of York). Henry V's claim to France was entirely without basis, unless construed to be tied to the possession of the English crown.
On his accession in 1413, Henry V pacified the realm by conciliating the remaining enemies of the House of Lancaster, and suppressing the heresy of the Lollards. By 1415, Henry V invaded France and captured Harfleur. Decimated by diseases, Henry's army marched to Calais to withdraw from the French campaign. French forces harassed the English, but refrained from making an open battle while amassing their numbers. The French finally gave battle at Agincourt, which proved to be the third great English victory and an overwhelming disaster for the French.
The Armagnac and Burgundian factions of the French court began negotiations to unite against the foreign enemy. Notable leaders of the Armagnac faction, such as Charles, Duke of Orléans, John I, Duke of Bourbon, and Arthur de Richemont, brother of the Duke of Brittany, became prisoners in England. The Burgundians, under John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, had conserved their forces, not having fought at Agincourt, but the duke's younger brothers—Antoine, Duke of Brabant and Philip II, Count of Nevers—died at that battle. At a meeting between the Dauphin Charles and John the Fearless, the Duke of Burgundy was assassinated by the Dauphin's followers, forcing the duke's son and successor into an alliance with the English.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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